Designing Education for the AI Era: Principles for Integrating LLMs in Pedagogy

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping education by altering how knowledge is accessed, interpreted, and constructed. This paper reviews 98 academic sources-including peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, and expert reports-to examine the pedagogical and institutional implications of LLM integration. We argue for a cautious but proactive redesign of education grounded in critical AI literacy, ethical safeguards, and task authenticity. LLMs are framed as intelligent interfaces that require new approaches to assessment, instruction, and learning design. The paper proposes actionable principles for AI-integrated education and calls for longitudinal research on the cognitive and developmental impact of scaffolded LLM use in adolescence.

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