Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Evaluating Caregivers' Use, Concerns, and Perspectives through a National Survey in France (Preprint)

Abstract

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into healthcare, with potential to enhance disease diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes. However, successful adoption relies on healthcare providers’ preparedness and trust. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> To evaluate French healthcare professionals’ and students’ use, concerns, and perceptions of AI, and to assess their interest in AI-related training. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We conducted a cross-sectional national survey distributed via PulseLife between December 2023 and March 2025. The 12-item questionnaire assessed demographics, AI usage, confidence, perceived benefits, concerns, and training needs. Reliability and validity of the instrument were assessed using Cronbach α, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared test were performed using R (version 4.3.1). </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> A total of 1625 healthcare respondents participated, including 1212 professionals (52.9% physicians, 19.1% nurses) and 413 students. Only 6.6% reported prior AI training, while 78.3% expressed interest in receiving training. Physicians showed the highest confidence in AI (P = .003). Main concerns included algorithmic bias (48.2%), data transparency (40.9%), and deterioration of the doctor–patient relationship (38.6%). Anticipated benefits included improved diagnosis (47.6%), time saving (42.1%), reduced medical errors (39%). </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> French healthcare providers and students remain insufficiently trained in AI, despite strong interest in acquiring such skills. Structured AI training programs and transparent regulatory frameworks are urgently needed to facilitate responsible adoption of AI in healthcare. </sec>

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