Understanding how AI acceptance shapes Employee-AI collaboration in hospitals: Insights from a pilot study

Abstract

The growing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare highlights the need to understand how healthcare professionals collaborate with AI systems in clinical and administrative workflows.This pilot study examines how four dimensions of AI acceptance, awareness, understanding, skills, and trust, shape employee-AI collaboration in Chinese public hospitals.Using survey data from 55 hospital employees and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study finds that AI trust is the strongest predictor of collaboration, followed by AI skills and AI understanding.AI awareness, however, does not significantly influence collaborative behavior.These results suggest that collaboration with AI extends beyond basic acceptance and depends on deeper psychological readiness and technical capability.The findings advance theoretical discussions by highlighting the differentiated roles of acceptance dimensions and underscore the importance of trust and competency-building in human-AI teaming.Practically, the study recommends that hospitals prioritize transparent communication, training, and skill development to foster safe and effective AI integration.As AI technologies continue to reshape healthcare delivery, strengthening the human factors that enable collaboration will be essential for maximizing their clinical and organizational value.

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