Evaluating the Accuracy of Medical Information Generated by ChatGPT and Gemini and Its Alignment With International Clinical Guidelines From the Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Comparative Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Assessment of medical information provided by artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots like ChatGPT and Google's Gemini and comparison with international guidelines is a burgeoning area of research. These AI models are increasingly being considered for their potential to support clinical decision-making and patient education. However, their accuracy and reliability in delivering medical information that aligns with established guidelines remain under scrutiny. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the accuracy of medical information generated by ChatGPT and Gemini and its alignment with international guidelines for sepsis management. METHODS: ChatGPT and Gemini were asked 18 questions about the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines, and the responses were evaluated by 7 independent intensive care physicians. The responses generated were scored as follows: 3=correct, complete, and accurate; 2=correct but incomplete or inaccurate; and 1=incorrect. This scoring system was chosen to provide a clear and straightforward assessment of the accuracy and completeness of the responses. The Fleiss κ test was used to assess the agreement between evaluators, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to test for the significance of differences between the correct responses generated by ChatGPT and Gemini. RESULTS: ChatGPT provided 5 (28%) perfect responses, 12 (67%) nearly perfect responses, and 1 (5%) low-quality response, with substantial agreement among the evaluators (Fleiss κ=0.656). Gemini, on the other hand, provided 3 (17%) perfect responses, 14 (78%) nearly perfect responses, and 1 (5%) low-quality response, with moderate agreement among the evaluators (Fleiss κ=0.582). The Mann-Whitney U test revealed no statistically significant difference between the two platforms (P=.48). CONCLUSIONS: ChatGPT and Gemini both demonstrated potential for generating medical information. Despite their current limitations, both showed promise as complementary tools in patient education and clinical decision-making. The medical information generated by ChatGPT and Gemini still needs ongoing evaluation regarding its accuracy and alignment with international guidelines in different medical domains, particularly in the sepsis field.

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