Ethical Use of AI in Grounded Theory

Abstract

The research landscape is being rapidly reshaped by the development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs). Tools such as ChatGPT offer researchers new capabilities for summarising, synthesising, coding, and identifying preliminary patterns in large text-based datasets. These advances significantly expand what is possible in terms of volume, speed, and early analysis. For postgraduate and early career researchers working under time pressures, such technologies may appear both promising and overwhelming. This chapter critically examines the intersection of grounded theory (GT) methodology and generative AI. It explores how tools like ChatGPT might be integrated into GT in ways that support, rather than undermine, its inductive nature and commitment to researcher-led analysis. Drawing on recent scholarship, including van Veggel et al.'s framework for AI-assisted GT, we argue that AI should be positioned as an assistant to the researcher rather than as a research assistant or co-author. Since AI lacks intentionality, decision-making ability, and integrity, it cannot credibly perform the analytic role required in grounded theory. Instead, we emphasise integrity as the guiding ethical principle for considering AI use in research. We conclude by reflecting on the methodological opportunities and ethical challenges AI presents for GT researchers.

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