AI transformation in working life: A systematic review of usage and attitudes towards AI among workers

Abstract

The unprecedented development in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming workplaces and work processes, necessitating a broader understanding of how employees perceive and adapt to these changes. Extensive research has examined the implications of AI implementation in the workplace. However, previous studies have mainly focused on historical perspectives or conceptual analyses. This study presents findings from a systematic literature review covering empirical research from five years (2020–2024). We focus on workers' first-hand experiences and appraisals of AI-related changes in their workplaces. We also synthesize how attitudes towards AI vary across professional sectors and implementation contexts. Using the PRISMA methodology, we conducted systematic searches across five databases: EBSCOhost (EBSCO), PsycINFO (APA), Scopus (Elsevier), Social Science Premium Collection (ProQuest), and Web of Science (Clarivate) between June 3rd and 10th, 2024. A synthesis of k = 24 studies revealed that workers perceive AI as both an opportunity and a source of concern. Automation and decision-support tools in the workplace were related to improved efficiency, productivity, and perceived fairness, but they were also connected to anxiety and uncertainty about role change and job security. Evidence was most prevalent in healthcare and education, indicating a need for broader sectoral and regional research. The findings highlight the importance of transparent and ethical AI integration, ensuring fairness, accountability, and human oversight, supported by workforce training and communication.

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