A Review of Artificial Intelligence Across Principal Areas: Potential, Applications and Limitations

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming a wide array of sectors by enabling data-driven solutions, automating complex processes, and enhancing decision-making capabilities. This review presents an overview of AI's growing role in four key areas: sustainability, education, healthcare, and support for individuals with physical disabilities. In sustainability, AI is being used to model climate change, optimize energy consumption, and promote smart agriculture. In education, intelligent tutoring systems, personalized learning platforms, and Natural Language Processing (NLP)-based tools are helping improve learning outcomes, accessibility, and engagement especially for students with learning challenges. In healthcare, AI enhances clinical decision support, improves diagnostic accuracy through medical imaging and speech analysis, supports robotic and remote surgeries, and advances mental health monitoring via sentiment analysis and NLP. For individuals with physical disabilities, AI-powered assistive technologies including brain-computer interfaces, eye-tracking systems, and smart prosthetics are redefining independence and mobility. While the potential is vast, the paper also addresses critical ethical, social, and technical challenges, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, accessibility, and transparency. By synthesizing recent developments and identifying current limitations, this review aims to offer a balanced perspective on the transformative potential of AI and the considerations necessary to ensure its sustainable and responsible deployment across these sectors.

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