Governing Machine Learning, Data Engineering and Data Science in Healthcare: Ethical, Practical, and Regulatory Implications for Saudi Vision 2030

Abstract

The Artificial intelligence and big data analytics alter healthcare considerably, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is investing heavily in reforming Vision 2030. The addition of these tools is rather an intricate mix of ethics, regulatory and practical problems. A systematic review of published peer-reviewed journal articles, policy reports, and case studies on privacy, data stewardship, regulation, interoperability, and clinical implementation is also outlined in this paper within the Saudi context, more than twenty-five years after publication. The findings show that the issue of ethical governance continues to evolve over the ongoing discussions regarding data ownership and informed consent, including the security of algorithms, but it is becoming increasingly visible. These legal tools, like the Personal Data Protection Law, are in line with international practise and offer even further chances to clarify the problem of AI responsibility and the strategies to comply without resorting to the use of the legal instrument. Operation realities, including non-homogeneous data infrastructure, varying levels of interoperability and varying data standards, and taking advantage of an opportunity to enhance clinician engagement, inform reproducibility and scalability efforts. Examinations of national digital-health platforms demonstrate the potential of the particular aptness of innovation and the value of steady technical and institutional combination. The review points to the significance of aligning quick innovation with adequate management and inclusion of transparency, accountability, and equity in the innovation. It concludes with a policy roadmap of safe, equitable, and effective ML implementation, which is centred on aligning national governance, strategic infrastructure, professional capability, extensive capacity-building, workforce training, and lasting community confidence to mediate long-term, socially accountable transformation in the Saudi Arabian healthcare system.

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