Avanços da inteligência artificial na medicina cardiológica: transformando diagnósticos e tratamentos

Abstract

The term “Medical Technology” encompasses tools that improve patients’ quality of life through early diagnosis and optimized treatments. With the advent of smartphones and wearables powered by artificial intelligence, medicine has evolved towards a 5P model, promoting greater autonomy and continuous health monitoring. Despite advances, such as the use of AI for cardiovascular diagnostics, few tools have been effectively integrated into clinical practice due to limited retrospective data and lack of direct translation into practice. Therefore, the aim of this article is to explore how AI is revolutionizing cardiology and to analyze how current advances and future perspectives of AI impact cardiology practice. The research is a qualitative and descriptive literature review on the impact of artificial intelligence technologies in cardiology, carried out in August 2024. A search was used in the SciELO and PubMed databases with the terms "Artificial Intelligence (AI)" AND "Cardiology". Original, free, and Portuguese-language articles from the last ten years were selected, excluding incomplete, duplicated, or irrelevant materials. AI has transformed cardiovascular medicine, improving diagnostics, treatments, and personalizing care. Machine learning (ML) techniques and neural networks, such as CNNs and RNNs, are effective in analyzing medical images and clinical documentation, while AI-assisted robotics improves the accuracy of surgeries. AI enables earlier and more accurate detection of cardiac conditions, and its integration with unstructured data promises more effective diagnostics and interventions. Future studies should explore the integration of genomic data and overcome ethical challenges, with the aim of making cardiovascular medicine more precise and personalized.

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