Rewiring the Classrooms: A Narrative Review of Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Education

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming engineering education through technologies. These include intelligent tutoring systems, generative AI, adaptive learning platforms, and virtual teaching assistants. However, despite growing interest in AI-driven tools, the field lacks a comprehensive synthesis of how it is changing the engineering classrooms, indicating a gap in the literature. To address this, we conducted a narrative review of recent studies, aiming to map its pedagogical impacts, opportunities, and challenges. Our analysis identified major thematic areas such as personalized learning, generative and adaptive tools, curriculum and policy evolution, and ethical frameworks to accommodate AI. Collectively, these findings underscore a key message of its potential to augment engineering pedagogy by improving learning experiences and efficiency, but realizing this promise requires thoughtful integration and oversight. This review contributes to the field of engineering education and educational technology by guiding educators and policymakers in harnessing AI to elevate teaching and learning.

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