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The Double-Edged Sword of Generative AI: Enhancing or Hindering Students’ Intellectual Growth?
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2025
Jahr
Abstract
The rapid rise of Generative AI tools like ChatGPT in education has sparked debate about their long-term effects on students' cognitive development. While these tools provide personalized learning and greater access to information, there are concerns about students over-relying on them, which could weaken critical thinking and memory. This study set out to review research from 2023 to 2025 to explore how GenAI can both help and hinder cognitive functions and higher-order thinking skills, to offer actionable recommendations accordingly. The findings show that using Generative AI thoughtfully and strategically-such as through guided problem-solving and AI literacy programs-can reduce risks like overdependence. On the other hand, using these tools without guidance may harm memory and creativity. The paper, thus, recommends a balanced approach, offering practical strategies for educators and higher education institutions to harness GenAI's benefits while safeguarding students' cognitive autonomy and development.
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