El Papel de la Inteligencia Artificial en el Diagnóstico por Imágenes: Complemento o Reemplazo

Abstract

Introduction: Medical imaging is essential for detecting pathologies, but it depends on the radiologist's experience. Additionally, artificial intelligence has emerged as a promising tool to improve accuracy and efficiency, although it is still debated whether it can replace the radiologist or should be a complement. Objective: To evaluate the role of artificial intelligence in medical imaging, analyzing its ability to complement or replace professionals in interpreting medical studies. Also, to identify the advantages, limitations, and impact of AI in modern radiology. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted on the use of artificial intelligence in medical imaging, focusing on studies from the last 5 years. The search included articles from high-impact scientific journals. Results: Artificial intelligence has demonstrated performance similar to that of radiologists in interpreting images of common pathologies. However, its clinical implementation faces several challenges, such as the need for large volumes of high-quality data and the difficulty of addressing complex clinical situations. Additionally, the importance of human supervision in decision-making and contextual image interpretation is emphasized, as AI cannot fully replicate this. Conclusions: AI should not be considered a replacement for the radiologist but rather a complement that helps reduce errors, optimize time, and enable more accurate medical care. The successful integration of AI in radiology depends on continuous collaboration between technology and healthcare professionals, as well as proper training and regulation.

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