Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Medical Students at Herat University Regarding the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Services

Abstract

Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming healthcare through its applications in diagnostics, clinical decision-making, and medical education. Understanding medical students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward AI is essential for designing effective training programs. Limited data exist on AI awareness among Afghan medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 272 medical students and interns at Herat University from April to July 2025. A validated, self-administered questionnaire assessed sociodemographic factors and KAP regarding AI in healthcare. Data were analyzed using SPSS v27. Associations between demographic variables and KAP scores were examined using chi-square tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: General awareness of AI was high (80.9%), but detailed knowledge of machine learning, deep learning, and domain-specific applications remained limited. Attitudes toward AI were predominantly positive, with over 90% agreeing that AI is important in medicine and should be included in the curriculum. Despite these favorable perceptions, practical experience was low; fewer than 20% had used AI tools for learning or clinical tasks. Prior AI training and adequate access to technology were significantly associated with higher knowledge and more positive attitudes. AI training showed borderline significance for improved practice. Conclusion: Medical students at Herat University demonstrate strong interest and positive perceptions toward AI but lack sufficient training and hands-on exposure. Integrating structured AI education within the medical curriculum and improving access to technological resources are essential to preparing future clinicians for an AI-driven healthcare system.

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