Determinants of AI Trust in Education: The Role of Ethical Awareness, Ethical Risk, and Human-Centered Orientation

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) is increasingly being used by university students in Indonesia, particularly through generative chatbots and AI-based learning systems to support assignment writing, reference searches, and material comprehension. Although offering efficiency and academic support, the use of AIED also raises ethical issues such as academic integrity, data security, bias, transparency, and responsibility, indicating that student trust is not only determined by the benefits of technology, but also by ethical awareness and human-centered orientation of use. This study aims to analyze the influence of AI Ethical Awareness, Perceived Ethical Risk, Perceived Usefulness, and Human-Centered Orientation on AI Trust, as well as the role of AI Trust in shaping Ethical Awareness in AIED among university students in Indonesia. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire that measured six main constructs, then analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the validity, reliability, and structural relationships between variables. The results showed that perceptions of the benefits of AIED, human-centered orientation, and ethical awareness contributed positively to the formation of students' trust in AIED, while perceptions of ethical risks tended to weaken that trust. Furthermore, trust in AIED plays an important role in increasing students' ethical awareness in the use of AI in academic environments. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening AI ethics literacy and applying human-centered principles in AIED policies and designs to encourage more responsible use of AI in higher education.

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