Generative-artificial intelligence and the doctor-patient relationship: a review from a surgeon’s perspective

Abstract

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to profoundly influence society and medicine, affecting fields such as breast surgery. While large language models show promise as clinical communication tools, their impact on the doctor-patient relationship remains poorly understood. In breast surgery, trust, communication, and a strong therapeutic alliance are vital for patient-centered care. Although AI may improve efficiency, it is essential to preserve a healthy therapeutic bond between surgeons and patients. This review explores how AI integration may alter these dynamics from a surgeon’s perspective and offers guidelines for successful application of AI in the field. The reviewed literature reveals a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the psychological and relational consequences of AI in breast surgery. The key points recommended to achieve a healthy relationship are to preserve human interaction and empathy through transparent communication and shared decision-making. This can be supported by appropriate supervision, education, continuous monitoring of psychological effects, reinforcement of trust and professional competence, clear ethical guidance, and an incremental adoption of AI. Overall, AI promises to enhance efficiency and to assume an increasingly prominent role in breast surgery, highlighting the importance of investigating patients’ psychological needs to ensure that technological progress does not compromise the essential human connection between doctors and patients.

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