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Classification of Cochrane Plain Language Summaries by Conclusiveness Using Transformer-Based Models and ChatGPT: Retrospective Observational Study

2026·0 Zitationen·JMIR Medical InformaticsOpen Access
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7

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2026

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Abstract

Fine-tuning 2 transformer-based language models showed mixed results in classifying Cochrane PLSs by conclusiveness, likely due to semantic overlap and subtle linguistic differences. Despite satisfactory internal test metrics, the fine-tuned models failed to generalize to newly published PLSs, where performance dropped to near-chance levels. These findings suggest that general-purpose large language models like GPT-4o may currently offer more reliable results for practical classification tasks in biomedical applications.

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