A Correlational Study Examining the Relationship Between Utilization of Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Clinical Decision Support Systems and Medication Error Rates, Nurses’ Clinical Judgment, and Patient Safety Outcomes in Tertiary Care Settings at swat

Abstract

Background: Errors in prescribing remain a major challenge to patient safety across the globe, particularly in economically challenged health systems. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) powered by artificial intelligence (AI) are being developed to attempt to improve clinical decision making, reduce errors, and enhance patient outcomes. However, the impact of AI-assisted CDSS systems in the context of healthcare in Pakistan, and particularly among nurses, is largely unknown. Objective: This study aims to assess the relationship between the use of AI-assisted Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) and the rates of errors in medication prescribing, the clinical judgment of nurses and the safety of patients. Methods: An analytical correlational study was conducted with 84 registered nurses. The sample was determined using the G*Power software and convenience sampling was used to select the participants. A validated and structured questionnaire on CDSS, clinical judgement and patient safety outcomes was used to collect the data. For the analysis of descriptive and inferential statistics, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 was used. For the Pearson correlation, it was set at p ≤ 0.05 for statistically significant results. For the regression analysis it was set p ≤ 0.05. Results: Participants scored CDSS utilization to be at moderate to high levels, and supportive outcomes. There were significant positive correlations with CDSS clinical judgement and patient safety (p < 0.001) and there was a significant negative correlation with medication errors. CDSS utilization was determined to be a statistically significant predictor for positive outcomes in the regression analysis. Conclusion: The study showed that CDSS are a major improvement to the nursing and patient safety practices. Integration, training and evaluation are recommended to continue optimal use of CDSS.

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