GPT-PACK: Can GenAI act as TPACK Peer Tutor for Preservice Teachers? A Comparative Study on Objective TPACK of Humans and ChatGPT 3.5

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> This study employs a single case-control design to evaluate the objective TPACK performance of ChatGPT by comparing it to human preservice teachers. A purposive sampling method selected ChatGPT 3.5 as a potential GenAI peer tutor and 93 Australian preservice teachers as the normative sample. Objective TPACK performance was measured using an adapted TPACK scale. Bayesian analysis revealed that ChatGPT significantly outperformed the human control group with a substantial effect size. Qualitative data analysis of ChatGPT’s explanations further demonstrated its comprehensive understanding of TPACK dimensions. While certain limitations were identified, including the narrow focus on Australian preservice teachers and the availability of more advanced AI models, the study emphasizes ChatGPT 3.5’s potential as a more knowledgeable other for preservice teachers to enhance their TPACK. This research encourages further investigation into the integration of AI in education and its implications for pedagogical practices. ChatGPT 3.5’s remarkable TPACK performance suggests its role as a valuable peer tutor in TPACK-related domains, complementing human educators while recognizing the irreplaceable human aspects of the learning experience.

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