Generative AI, Specific Moral Values: A Closer Look at ChatGPT’s New Ethical Implications for Medical AI

Abstract

Cohen's (2023) mapping exercise of possible bioethical issues emerging from the use of ChatGPT in medicine provides an informative, useful, and thought-provoking trigger for discussions of AI ethics in health.Yet, he acknowledges that it is not exhaustive.Cohen's analysis carefully considers principles such as privacy and bias prevention, but it does not delve into areas such as explainability, responsibility, or accountability, which are essential to explore.In this commentary we build on Cohen's foundation, adding implications that stem from a distinctive feature of ChatGPT that differentiates it from conventional medical AI tools.In the context of our ongoing research under the NIH-funded Bridge2AI program, we are spearheading the first comprehensive scoping review of ethical and trustworthy medical AI design, employing a bioethical lens to focus on value-based aspects (Victor et al., 2023).Our review spans a broad range of literature, revealing the core moral values that underscore medical AI development.This review enables us to inform a 'value-sensitive design' approach to medical AI.Our work validates Cohen's arguments regarding ChatGPT raising familiar bioethical issues such as bias and privacy, but also brings to light uncharted ethical challenges arising from ChatGPT's status as a general AI model.

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