Reliability and usefulness of ChatGPT in temporomandibular joint disorders

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a broad term describing heterogeneous musculoskeletal and neuromuscular dysfunction. Accurate information about this complex disorder group is essential to patients and clinicians. ChatGPT, a natural language processing technology developed by OpenAI, shows promise in several sectors, including healthcare. ChatGPT can facilitate information sharing in TMD management, support clinical decision-making, and improve patient communication and education. It can also serve as a helpful information tool to improve patient and clinician outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and usefulness o.f ChatGPT in obtaining information about TMD. Ethics committee approval was not required as no human or animal data were used. In this study, the diseases specified in the TMD classification were used as keywords. The chat was then initiated by entering the name of a specific etiology. To ensure clarity, ChatGPT was asked questions about the condition, followed by causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Two independent experts working in different settings scored all responses using seven-point Likert-type reliability and usefulness scales. The highest scores for reliability and usefulness of the information provided by ChatGPT were for chewing muscle disorders. The lowest scores for both reliability and usefulness were for inflammatory disorders of TMD. These results suggest that although the responses were generally meaningful, informative, and free of significant errors or misinformation, there were weaknesses. Although not suitable for use as a primary resource for clinicians, it has the potential to be a helpful and supportive tool.

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