Gender Perception in Artificial Intelligence: Deepseek, Gemini and ChatGPT Comparison

Abstract

Aim. Based on the premise that artificial intelligence has a shaping, guiding, and reconstructive impact on gender perception, the main aim of this research is to contribute to understanding the reproduction processes of gender in the digital age by examining how gender representations are constructed in AI algorithms. Method. This research follows a qualitative research model. Responses to 6 user queries asked to Deepseek, Gemini, and ChatGPT are analysed using critical discourse analysis. Themes such as dichotomous positioning, stereotyping, different experiences, activism, and breaking stereotypes were identified in the study. Results. All three tools position femininity and masculinity dichotomously, clearly separating them based on physical appearance, roles, and social expectations. Compared to Deepseek and Gemini, ChatGPT presents masculinity as strong and protective, and femininity as self-sacrificing and passive by stereotyping gender roles more through media and social media representations. While highlighting the cultural and historical changes in gender roles Deepseek highlights the transformation of male roles, Gemini stresses the diversity of female roles, and ChatGPT foregrounds the conflict between traditional and modern gender relations and cultural diversity. Deepseek and Gemini underscore women’s fight for social change, while ChatGPT includes male activists as well, providing a more inclusive representation of activism. All three tools promote the breaking of gender stereotypes through equal responsibility, caregiving males, and sharing household duties. Conclusion. The research reveals that Deepseek, Gemini, and ChatGPT reproduce traditional femininity and masculinity roles in their gender representations. While all tools highlight attributes traditionally associated with women, such as motherhood, domestic responsibilities, and caregiving roles, they position men as authority figures, breadwinners, and protectors. ChatGPT places more emphasis on the passive and obedient traits of women, and the strong and rational traits of men, presenting more stereotypes. Deepseek draws attention to sexuality-based stereotypes in masculinity, while Gemini highlights the diversity of women’s experiences. All three tools acknowledge men’s caregiving roles, though limited in challenging traditional norms.

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