Harnessing ChatGPT for Education: Applications, Challenges and the PICA Framework for Pedagogical Integration

Abstract

ChatGPT has thrust itself rapidly into the education landscape, establishing new patterns for how learners and educators will communicate through natural language. From personalized tutoring and writing help, to STEM assistance and feedback generation - the uptake in using ChatGPT in a variety of educational contexts has been widespread. But with this increasing uptake come real concerns. Risks relating to misinformation, cognitive over-reliance, authorship boundary issues, and access inequities challenge the integrity, fairness, and efficacy of educational processes. This paper offers two contributions to the nascent field. First, it offers a systematic mapping of ChatGPT’s existing applications to education, focusing on four major domains: Personalized Learning and Tutoring, Writing support and Language development, STEM and Code Assistance, and Assessment and Feedback Design and including common challenges, such as epistemic unreliability, reduced learner agency, issues of academic integrity, and access issues. Second, it offers the PICA Framework, which is a four-phase pedagogical model (Preparation, Interaction, Contextualization, Assessment), to start supporting intentional and responsible integration of ChatGPT into instructional practice. Together this mapping and framework can provide educators, researchers and institutions with a way forward to consider the educational promise of generative AIs, while grappling with pedagogical and ethical implications.

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