Effects of ChatGPT-Based Artificial Intelligence Training on Artificial Intelligence Literacy, Attitudes, and Acceptance Among Midwifery Students: A Mixed-Methods Study

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background:</bold> The increasing role of artificial intelligence technologies in health education and clinical practice makes understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and readiness levels of future healthcare professionals in this field increasingly important. <bold/> This study aimed to examine the effects of a short-term artificial intelligence (AI) training program on midwifery students’ attitudes, literacy, and acceptance levels regarding AI. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive understanding of how students perceive and integrate AI within professional contexts, supported by qualitative data. <bold>Methods:</bold> The study was conducted using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. In the quantitative phase, a single-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was applied. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with purposefully selected students. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, and correlation analysis. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data.atır <bold>Results:</bold> Statistically significant improvements were observed in students’ attitudes and acceptance of AI after the training ( <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.01), while changes in AI literacy scores were positive but not statistically significant. Qualitative findings revealed that students perceived AI as a supportive tool, reported reduced ethical concerns after the training, and expressed increased self-confidence in using AI tools. The training enhanced students’ engagement with AI; however, the development of deep AI literacy was found to require repeated and practice-based learning experiences. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> Short-term AI trainings foster positive attitudes and acceptance among midwifery students, laying a critical foundation for the development of AI literacy. Therefore, it is essential to integrate AI into health education curricula through pedagogically structured, practice-oriented, and ethically grounded training modules that align with the principles of human-centered care <bold>Clinical trial number</bold> Not applicable.

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