A Systematic Review of AI's Effect on Students' Mental Health and Well-Being

Abstract

This systematic review synthesises recent empirical evidence on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on the mental health and well-being of higher education students. Drawing on 40 peer-reviewed studies published between January 2023 and August 2025, the review examines interventions and tools that employ AI, including chatbots (n = 10), generative models (n = 6), wearables (n = 7), emotion-recognition systems (n = 9), and adaptive learning platforms (n = 8). Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and using the SPIDER framework, studies were selected based on their empirical focus on AI-mediated educational or psychological support. Findings indicate that AI-enabled interventions (particularly those grounded in cognitive-behavioural therapy) consistently reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, and improve problem-solving, self-efficacy and perceived social support. AI-based measurement tools also demonstrate promising reliability.

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